By Madi Clark The study argues that housing affordability is being driven by a long-term shortage of housing supply and incomes that have not kept pace with rising home prices. It recommends market-based reforms such as streamlining permitting, reducing regulatory barriers, expanding housing options like ADUs and duplexes, and encouraging starter-home development. The paper concludes that states can improve affordability by removing obstacles to housing construction while also fostering economic growth and higher-paying jobs.